The nonradiative changeover prices Stick to the method WNR = W (0) exp(-alphap), in which p is the volume of phonons matching the energy hole. The nonradiative changeover charges of Er3+ show temperature dependence consistent with the multiphonon rest idea. In Tm3+ the temperature dependence of nonradiative rest charges is https://henryg791cbz2.wikimillions.com/user